Let’s look at a “dissection” of the human eye using a horizontal section through the right eyeball (Photo A – bird’s eye view). The cornea projects from the front surface. The iris with its central opening, the pupil, lies behind the cornea. The biconvex lens is located immediately behind the iris. The red tissue near the lens is the ciliary body (labelled ciliary muscle in Photo A). The sclera is the outer fibrous coat that we see as the white of the eye. The choroid, a layer rich in blood vessels, lies internal to the sclera. The neural coat or retina lies inside the choroid. At the back of the globe are fovea, optic disc and optic nerve. The fovea, site of greatest visual acuity, lies in our visual axis (Photo A – dashed green line). The optic disc, or blind spot, is in front of the optic nerve. The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) at the back of the eyeball carries electronic impulses from the retina to vision centers in the brain. In each eye, the optic nerve angles towards the nose.
The eyeball has three chambers. The anterior chamber (Photo A, light gray crescent) is a space between cornea and iris that is filled with the watery aqueous humor. A space between iris and lens (Photo A, small dark gray area) is the posterior chamber, also filled with aqueous humor. Deep to the lens is the largest space of the eyeball, the vitreous chamber (Photo A, large dark gray area); it is filled with vitreous humor, a gel-like material.
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